THE INNER-BREED KARYOTYPE VARIABILITY OF THE COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN RED-BROWN DAIRY CATTLE BREED WITH A VARYING DEGREE OF AFFINITY
V. Dzitsiuk, M. Peredriy
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Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M. V. Zubets of NAAS,
1 Pogrebnjaka str., Chubynske village, Boryspil district, Kyiv region, 08321, Ukraine
The paper describes the results of the research on karyotype variability for the cows of Ukrainian Red-Brown dairy breed with a varying degree of affinity. The purpose of research was comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various degrees of inbreeding Ukrainian red-spotted milk breed cows for economically useful traits. The research has been conducted at the experimental farm “Khrystynivka”, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics of M. V. Zubets NAAS. The connection between chromosomal aberrations and viability, reproductive disorders and diseases of animals is displayed. Cultivation of lymphocytes, making of cytogenetic preparations, classification and registration of chromosomal aberrations were performed by conventional methods. In the analysis of metaphase cells, the following cytogenetic parameters were included: the proportion of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural chromosome aberrations (chromosome breaks, chromosomal fragments, asynchronous cleavage of centromeric regions of chromosomes, chromosomal association).
The genomic type anomalies such as aneuploidy and polyploidy were discovered, as well as structural chromosome aberrations: fragments, breaks, chromosome associations. The highest level of aberrant cells was spotted for the closely related animals. The cows with disturbed reproductive ability contained genomic disorders and structural aberrations in their cells 20–22 % times more often than the cows with normal reproductive ability, regardless of the degree of their inbreeding. The analysis of genetic structure of the population by level of genetic risk showed the fact that the group with the least genetic risk was represented by the cows without disorders in their reproductive system. It was stated that all studied animals had a positive correlation between the service period and the major cytogenetic indicators. The obtained results give the reason to use indicators of karyotype variability as a criterion for assessing the reproductive performance of milk herd cows.
The cytogenetic research not only makes it possible to estimate the level of saturation with undesired chromosome aberration inside the given herd of Ukrainian red-brown dairy breed, but also it gives an ability to use the collected results to foresee the reproductive ability for the cows in their youth. Thus, the findings of research show that reproductive qualities better than inbred cows are moderate inbreeding. To prevent the accumulation of genetic defects in cattle herds during application of biotechnology techniques and carrying out purposeful work on reproduction, it is necessary to maintain the systematic cytogenetic control animals.
Keywords: UKRAINIAN RED-BROWN DAIRY BREED, REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY, INBREEDING, KARYOTYPE, CHROMOSOME ABERRATION
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