Download full text in PDF

Bìol. Tvarin. 2023; 25 (1): 32–38.
https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.032
Received 14.08.2022 ▪ Revision 28.10.2023 ▪ Accepted 19.02.2023 ▪ Published online 31.03.2023

Effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate in combination with vitamin E on certain biochemical blood parameters and hematological indicators in rats under the influence of Cr(VI)

B. І. Kotyk

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stusa str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate, a representative of the class of thiosulfonate compounds, in combination with vitamin E on certain biochemical blood parameters, hematological indicators and total Chromium content in liver of rats exposed to Cr(VI). Laboratory rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 animals each. Animals of group I (intact control) were injected daily intraperitoneally with 150 μl of physiological saline solution for 7 days. Rats of III/IV groups received intraperitoneal daily administration of K₂Cr₂O₇ (diluted in physiological saline solution at a dose of 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg) for 7/14 days. Animals of the II experimental group were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of sunflower oil for 14 days. Rats of V/VI experimental groups were administrated daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg)/vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Animals of VII/VIII experimental groups were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days, after which a 7-day/14-day period of intraperitoneal K₂Cr₂O₇ administration was performed. Exposure to Cr(VI) led to a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, content of hemoglobin, phospholipids, total protein against the background of the accumulation of total lipids, mono- and diglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and creatinine in blood of rats. Chromium concentration significantly increased in the liver of rats after administration of Cr(VI). The combined effect of vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate contributed to the partial compensation of Cr(VI)-induced disturbances of the number of leukocytes and content of total proteins, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids in blood of rats. Vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate pretreatment also contributed to the reduction of the percentage accumulation of Chromium in liver of rats injected with Cr(VI).

Key words: ethylthiosulfаnylate, hexavalent chromium, hematological parameters, lipids, lipid classes, creatinine

Abdel-Daim, MM, Abushouk AI, Donia T, Alarifi S, Alkahtani S, Aleya L, Bungau SG. The nephroprotective effects of allicin and ascorbic acid against cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2019; 26: 13502–13509. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04780-4.
Atsumi H, Kitada M, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Reversal of redox-dependent inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase by antioxidants in mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. Med. Rep. 2011; 4 (5): 923–927. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2011.524.
Bashandy SA, Salama A, Fayed AM, Omara EA, El-Toumy, SA, Salib JY. Protective effect of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel extract on potassium dichromate induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Plant Arch. 2020; 20 (1): 2231–2242.
Boşgelmez İİ. An overview on the potential mechanisms of action of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in hexavalent chromium-induced toxicity. Toxicol. 2021; 397–408. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819092-0.00039-X.
Boşgelmez İİ, Güvendik G. N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects liver and kidney against Chromium(VI)-induced oxidative stress in mice. Trace El. Res. 2017; 178: 44–53. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0901-2.
Cheng B, Li T, Li F. Use of network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism by which allicin ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder in HepG2 cells. Bas. Compl. Alt. Med. 2021; 2021: 3956504. DOI: 10.1155/2021/3956504.
DesMarias TL, Costa M. Mechanisms of chromium-induced toxicity. Op. Toxicol. 2019; 14: 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.05.003.
El-Demerdash FM, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM. Hepatoprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against hexavalent chromium-induced hematotoxicity, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in male rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28: 17445–17456. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12126-8.
Feng H, Feng Q, Xiao T, Liu T, Guan B, Firdous SM, Huang J. Ipomoea staphylina attenuates potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats via antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Biochem. Biophys. 2021; 499: 289–295. DOI: 10.1134/S1607672921040074.
Folch J, Lees M, Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Biol. Chem. 1957; 226 (1): 497–509. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5.
Gkini E, Anagnostopoulos D, Mavri-Vavayianni M, Siafaka-Kapadai A. Metabolism of 2-acylglycerol in rabbit and human platelets. Involvement of monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase. Platelets. 2009; 20 (6): 376–385. DOI: 10.1080/09537100903121813.
Haney J Jr. Consideration of non-linear, non-threshold and threshold approaches for assessing the carcinogenicity of oral exposure to hexavalent chromium. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2015; 73 (3): 834–852. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.10.011.
Hassan M, Abd-Elwahab W, Megahed R, Mohammed A. An evaluation of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and genotoxicity induced by acute toxicity of hexavalent chromium and comparison of the possible protective role of selenium and vitamin E on these effects. Ain Shams J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol. 2019; 33 (2): 48–58. DOI: 10.21608/ajfm.2019.36574.
He W, Xu Y, Ren X, Xiang D, Lei K, Zhang C, Liu D. Vitamin E ameliorates lipid metabolism in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via Nrf2/CES1 signaling pathway. Diseases Sci. 2019; 64: 3182–3191. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05657-9.
Kandpal V, Kumar D. Ameliorative role of vitamin E against hexavalent chromium induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in laboratory chicks: a histopathological study. Adv. Sci. Res. 2020; 11 (1): 132–138. Available at: https://www.sciensage.info/index.php/JASR/article/view/420
Kandpal V, Kumar D, Bisht R. Protective effect of vitamin E on haematological parameters in chronic toxicity of hexavalent chromium in laboratory chicks. Drug Deliv. Therapeut. 2019; 9 (3): 388–392. DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2889.
Kates M. Techniques of Lipidology. Isolation, Analysis and Identification of Lipids. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1986: 464 p.
Kim JJ, Kim YS, Kumar V. Heavy metal toxicity: An update of chelating therapeutic strategies. Trace El. Med. Biol. 2019; 54: 226–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.003.
Kotyk, BI, Iskra RY, Slivinska OM, Liubas NM, Pylypets AZ, Lubenets VI, Pryimych VI. Effects of ethylthiosulfanylate and chromium(VI) on the state of pro/antioxidant system in rat liver. Biochem. J. 2020; 92 (5): 78–86. DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.05.078.
Kotyk B, Iskra R, Sushko O, Slivinska O, Klymets G, Buchko O, Pylypets A, Pryimych V. Effect of ethylthiosulfanylate and chrome(VI) on the pro/antioxidant system in rats blood. Bìol. Tvarin. 2019; 21 (4): 38–45. DOI: 10.15407/animbiol21.04.038.
Li X, He S, Zhou J, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Li W. Cr(VI) induces abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism through ROS/Nrf2 signaling. Environm. Saf. 2021; 219: 112320. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112320.
Li Y, Zhao Y, Deng H, Chen A, Chai L. Endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and lipometabolic disturbance of Bufo gargarizans embryos exposed to hexavalent chromium. Environm. Saf. 2018; 166: 242–250. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.100.
Liubas N, Iskra R, Stadnytska N, Monka N, Havryliak V, Lubenets V. Antioxidant activity of thiosulfonate compounds in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 2022; 12 (3): 3106–3116. DOI: 10.33263/BRIAC123.31063116.
Long C, Hu G, Zheng P, Chen T, Su Z, Zhang Y, Ding C, PengF, Yu S, Wang T, Jia G. Analysis of serum metabolome of workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium: a preliminary study. Lett. 2021; 349: 92–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.007.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193 (1): 265–275. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.
Lubenets VI, Havryliak VV, Pylypets AZ, Nakonechna AV. Changes in the spectrum of proteins and phospholipids in tissues of rats exposed to thiosulfonates. Mech. Biosys. 2018; 9 (4); 495–500. DOI: 10.15421/021874.
Lubenets V, Stadnytska N, Baranovych D, Vasylyuk S, Karpenko O, Havryliak V, Novikov V. Thiosulfonates: The Prospective Substances against Fungal Infections. In: Silva de Loreto É, Simoni Moraes Tondolo J (eds). Fungal Infection. IntechOpen, 2019. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84436.
Ma Y, Li S, Tang S, Ye S, Liang N, Liang Y, Xiao F. Clusterin protects against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity by mediating the Akt-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022; 29 (34): 52289–52301. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19118-w.
Mehany HA, Abo-youssef AM, Ahmed LA, Arafa SA, Abd El-Latif HA. Protective effect of vitamin E and atorvastatin against potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Beni-Suef Univer. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2013; 2 (2): 96–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2013.02.002.
Ozkan A, Fiskin K, Ayhan AG. Effect of vitamin E and selenium on antioxidant enzymes in brain, kidney and liver of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Biologia. 2007; 62 (3): 360–364. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-007-0060-1.
Pylypets AZ, Iskra RY, Havryliak VV, Nakonechna AV, Novikov VP, Lubenets VI. Effects of thiosulfonates on the lipid composition of rat tissues. Biochem. J. 2017; 89 (6): 56–62. DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.06.056.
Rhee SJ, Jeong YC, Choi JH. Effects of vitamin E on phospholipase A₂ activity and oxidative damage to the liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Annals Nutr. Metab. 2005; 49 (6): 392–396. DOI: 10.1159/000088930.
Saidi M, Aouacheri O, Saka S, Tebboub I, Ailane L. Nephron-protective effects of curcuma on oxidative damage and oxidative stress in rat under sub-chronic poisoning of chromium. J. Biosci. 2019; 15 (1): 242–251. DOI: 10.12692/ijb/15.1.242-251.
Shaw P, Mondal P, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay A. Environmentally relevant concentration of chromium activates Nrf2 and alters transcription of related XME genes in liver of zebrafish. Chemosphere. 2019; 214: 35–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.104.
Suljević D, Sulejmanović J, Fočak M, Halilović E, Pupalović D, Hasić A, Alijagic A. Assessing hexavalent chromium tissue-specific accumulation patterns and induced physiological responses to probe chromium toxicity in Coturnix japonica Chemosphere. 2021; 266: 129005. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129005.
Temiz MA, Temur A, Oguz EK. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E and melatonin against copper-induced toxicity in rats. J. Pharm. Res. 2018; 17 (6): 1025–1031. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i6.7.
Vlizlo VV, Fedoruk RS, Ratych IB. Laboratory methods of investigation in biology, stock-breeding and veterinary medicine. Lviv, Spolom, 2012: 761p. ISBN 976-966-665-677-6. (in Ukrainian)
Wani PA, Wani JA, Wahid S. Recent advances in the mechanism of detoxification of genotoxic and cytotoxic Cr(VI) by microbes. Environm. Chem. Eng. 2018; 6 (4), 3798–3807. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2018.05.042.
Wise JP Jr, Young JL, Cai J, Cai L. Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives. Intern. 2022; 158: 106877. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106877.
Yan J, Huang H, Liu Z, Shen J, Ni J, Han J, Wang R, Lin D, Hu B, Jin, L. Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates hexavalent chromium-induced liver fibrosis by activation of hepatic stellate cells. Lett. 2020; 320: 1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.017.
Zhao Y, Yan J, Li AP, Zhang ZL, Li ZR, Guo KJ, Zhao KC, RuanQ, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could reduce the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on the liver by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in rats. Lett. 2019; 310: 31–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.007.
Zhao Y, Zhang H, Hao D, Wang J, Zhang D, Sun Z, Liu C. Selenium alleviates chromium(VI)-induced ileum damage and cecal microbial disturbances in mice. Trace El. Res. 2022; 200: 4750–4761. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03061-x.