CHICKENS Functional Genomics
yu. Osadcha
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National university of life and environmental sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Geroyv Oborony str. 12-B, k.7-A, 03041, Ukraine
The paper analyzes the current research work concerningon chickens functional genomics. It is shown that the identification of genetic markers of quantitative traits loci QTL (quantitative trait loci) makes it possible to estimate the true genetic potential of birds, excluding the impact of environmental factors, and identify desirable in terms of selection. Variants of these genes allows to the traditional selection birds, such as body weight, egg production, etc., to conduct selection directly at the DNA level, namely MAS (marker assisted selection). Describe the basic system diagnostic markers that are used to identify genes associated with the manifestation of economically useful characteristics. Each of these systems has its own diagnostic markers technological features and benefits, but they allow molecular genetic polymorphism screening, reliable identification of specific target loci or closely linked with their genes or fragments of DNA sequences of these genes using efficient modern technologies, that are based on polymerase chain reaction. Deals with numerous research results QTL, associated with meat and egg productivity, quality, resistance to diseases and behavioral manifestations. Revealed that the identification of genes responsible for the phenotypic characteristics of complex traits remains an important challenge remains unknown possible function of most genes identified by genome sequencing and complementary DNA. The importance of developing a number of approaches to reduce the number of candidate genes positioned is emphasized.
Keywords: Molecular genetic markers, QTL, SNP, polymorphism, microsatellites, chromosomes, genomes, gene candidates, MAPPING
