The Animal Biology

Bìol. Tvarin, 2018, volume 20, issue 2, pp. 15–23

ZINC METABOLISM IN HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWS WHEN FED MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES OF ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT

V. S. Bomko¹, Yu. G. Kropyvka², L. G. Bomko¹

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¹Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University,
8/1 Cathedral sq., Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09117, Ukraine

²National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytsky,
50 Pekarska str., Lviv 79010, Ukraine

The use of chelates in the diets of high-yielding cows affects the intensity of microflora growth, increasing the efficiency of digestion and fermentation of feed in the digestive tract. Therefore, scientific studies to determine the optimal doses of Zinc, Mangan and Cobalt mixed-ligand complexes are relevant.

The scientific-economic experiment was carried out in 4 groups of analogs of Holstein cows of German selection for 10 animals in each and a balance experiment (3 animals) was carried out using different doses of organic trace elements of Zinc, Mangan and Cobalt in the form of mixed-ligand complexes using the recommended norms. Supplex selenium, potassium sulfate and potassium iodite, and their influence on the milk yield of cows and the balance of trace elements in their body are studied. The trace elements were introduced into mixed feed concentrates by weight dosing and multistage mixing.

During the research, the positive effects of organic Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the forms of mixed-ligand complexes on the milk yield in Holstein cows of German selection during the first 100 days of lactation and on Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt metabolism were established. These elements were provided at 56, 64, 72, 80 and 88 % of recommended amounts (per 1 kg of DM, mg: Zinc — 76.0, Manganese — 76.0 and Cobalt — 0.95). Cuprum and Iodine were provided at 100 % of the norms in due to sulfate of potassium, potassium iodate and Selenium (up to 0.3 mg/kg DM) by Supplex selenium.

The highest average daily milk yields were in cows of the III experimental group which received Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt at 10 % less than control; the cows of the I control group had a prevalence of 1.7 kg or 3.6 % (P<0.01). Moreover, adding different doses of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt to the animal diet had a positive effect on the Zinc metabolism in cows. The accumulation of Zinc in the organism of experimental groups in relation to the consumed was (percentage): I control group — 40.13; II experimental group — 37.96; III — 42.66; IV — 40.06 and V — 38.74. The best assimilation of zinc noted for the use of metal chelates, doses of which were by 28 % lower than recommended norms.

Excretion of Zinc with feces in cows of III, IV and V experimental groups was lower than in control animals by 15.1; 21.7 and 28.6 %, and in cows of the II experimental group it was higher by 11.9 %. The amount of Zinc contained in urine varied from 20.34 mg in the V experimental group to 21.73 mg in the II experimental group.

The use of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the form of mixed-ligand complexes in smaller doses in high-yielding cows feeding increased their milk production due to better consumption of feed and more intensive metabolism of these trace elements and led to smaller contamination by heavy metals of the environment due to smaller excretion with feces.

Keywords: HOLSTEIN BREED, PREMIX, CHELATES, PRODUCTIVITY, METABOLISM, BALANCE

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