The Animal Biology

Bìol. Tvarin, 2018, volume 20, issue 4, pp. 34–43

AQUACULTURE OBJECTS DNA VACCINATION

S. O. Kostenko

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National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine,
15 Heroyiv Oborony str., Kyiv 03041, Ukraine

Aquaculture, by making a powerful contribution to the production of products in the world, must be sustainable, ecological and economical. The growth of aquaculture volumes is inextricably linked with the outbreaks of infectious diseases, as they cause high mortality, severe economic losses and environmental impacts. Therefore, intensive aquaculture is not viable without preventing the spread of viruses. In a few years, vaccination has become the most important method of preventing diseases in aquaculture. Effective prevention based on the stimulation of the immune system of the fish is necessary for further development of the industry. The promising results of DNA vaccination of fish against some types of infections give hope for progress in this area in the future. However, modern vaccination methods have certain disadvantages associated with the difficulty of protecting fry, restrictions on the use of various methods of introducing a vaccine, the emergence of new viruses.

The globalization of the aquaculture industry has led to an increase in the number of new viruses that infect aquatic organisms. These detected viral pathogens have proven that they are a challenge for the use of traditional cell cultures and immunological analyzes to detect new viruses for the identification of no antibodies. Virus metagenomics has the potential to detect new viruses without prior knowledge of their genome sequence data and can provide solutions for the study of unsuitable viruses.

Since the populations of aquaculture objects differ in their resistance to infectious diseases, the search for animals resistant to pathogens is an important trend in modern science. Another approach to obtaining lines resistant to infection is the creation of transgenic organisms that can produce substances that improve the immune response.

Keywords: DNA VACCINATION, AQUACULTURE, FISH VIRUS, INTRODUCTION OF DNA VACCINES

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