BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE COWS AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF MILK UNDER INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM, SELENIUM, COBALT AND ZINC CITRATES
M. M. Khomyn, R. S. Fedoruk, S. Y. Kropyvka
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Institute of animal biology NAAS, str. Stus, 38, Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
The effect of citrates of trace elements produced by nanotechnology on biochemical processes in the lactating cows, average milk yield and performance and its biological value has been studied. Theexperiment was carried out at the stall and pasture maintenance period on adult 16 cows-analogues of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle. In the preparatory period (first month after calving) cows were divided into 3 groups. Animals of the control (I) and experimental (second and third) group received a basic nutritionally balanced ration. In the experimental period, the cows of the second group obtained chromium, selenium, cobalt and zinc citrates (30 mg Cr, 25 mg Se, 20 mg Co and 20 mg Zn kg of diet), and the third group of animals — the same additive with a higher content of cobalt and zinc citrate (30 mg Cr, 25 mg Se, 100 mg and 100 mg of Co Zn kg). Aqueous solutions of citrate of trace elements applied to daily feed for two months each animal individually.
The inclusion in the diet of cows of experimental groups in the first two months of lactation chromium, selenium, cobalt and zinc citrate contributes to the activation of metabolic processes in the body, characterized by an increase in the blood concentration of Ca, P during the experiment, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione for 1st month of feeding supplements and decrease in leukocyte content, lipid hydro peroxides and TBA- active products in the first and second month of use. The biological effect of citrate resulted in amplification of trace elements secretory processes in the mammary gland with increasing average daily milk yield at 1.5–2.0 kg, which is more pronounced in the second month — 7.8 % increase of fat content — at 0.20 of protein — 0.07 of lactose — 0.08 %, vitamins A, E, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Feeding cows of Group II by mineral supplements with lower in cobalt and zinc citrate has less pronounced effect on blood leukocytes, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood, antioxidant processes in the body, milk production and biological value of milk than compared with the third group received 5 times more amount of Co and Zn.
Keywords: COWS, BLOOD, MILK, CITRATE TRACEMINERAL ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, VITAMINS A AND E, AVERAGE MILK YIELD, BIOLOGICAL VALUE MILK
