Bìol. Tvarin. 2021; 23 (1): 7–11.
Received 07.08.2018 ▪ Accepted 19.02.2021 ▪ Published online 01.04.2021

The effect of cysticercosis invasion on the protein metabolism and cellular immunity of rabbits

Y. V. Duda

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University,
25 S. Efremov str., Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine

The composition of blood proteins depends on the functional state of animals, as well as on various pathologies. The goal of the work was to establish the effect of cysticercosis invasion on the protein metabolism and cellular immunity of rabbits. Rabbits were divided into two groups after visual identification of the larval cysts presence: healthy (control) and diseased (experimental). Biochemical blood tests were performed using reagent sets produced by “Filisit-Diagnostika” (Ukraine). Spontaneous cysticercosis invasion of male rabbits caused changes in protein metabolism. The content of total protein in infected animals was higher by 8.79% (P<0.05) than in control. The increase in the total protein content was due to the globulin fraction, which was 1.50 times (P<0.05) higher in affected animals than in healthy rabbits. This rise occurred as a result of a high content of γ-globulins, both in absolute value by 1.69 times (P<0.05), and in percentage by 1.51 times (P<0.05). The albumins, which are completely synthesized by liver, were lower by 10.08% (P<0.05) in rabbits with cysticercosis. The protein coefficient of experimental animals was lower by 43.89% (P<0.05) compared with the control. The concentration of uric acid in diseased rabbits was lower by 34.09% (P<0.05) than in healthy ones. We have observed a high number of T-, B-lymphocytes and T-helper cells, especially the last two indicators, which increased respectively 1.54 times (P<0.01) and 1.36 times (P<0.05) against the background of a low number of T-suppressors and O-lymphocytes — almost 5 times (P<0.001) in affected animals than in healthy rabbits. In our opinion, such changes in the proteinogram and cellular immunity indicate the intensification of immune reactions in the body of rabbits infected with the Cysticercus pisiformis as a result of inflammatory processes that occur in the liver under the action of a mechanical, toxic effect of the helminths.

Key words: cysticercosis invasion, protein metabolism, Cysticercus pisiformis, albumins, globulin fractions, rabbits

  1. Azim W, Azim S, Ahmed K, Shafi H, Rafi T, Luqman M. Diagnostic significance of serum protein electrophoresis. Biochim. Acta. 2004; 20: 40–44. Available at: http://thebiomedicapk.com/articles/2.pdf
  2. Cheredeev AN. Quantitative and functional assessment of T- and B-systems of human immunity. General questions. Moscow, VINITI, 1976; 4: 126–160. (in Russian)
  3. Dubina IN. Cysticercosis pisiform in rabbits (epizootology, pathogenesis, symptoms and control measures). Author. diss. ... cand. vet. sciences: 03.00.19. Vitebsk, 2002: 24 p. (in Russian)
  4. Dubina IN. Pathological changes in cysticercosis pisiform in rabbits. Actual problems of pathology of farm animals: materials of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the establishment of BelNIIEV named after S. N. Vyshelesskiy, Minsk, October 5–6, 2000. Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Belarusian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine. S. N. Vyshelessky. Minsk, Khata, 2000: 366–368. (in Russian)
  5. Dubina IN. Pisiformis cysticercosis of rabbits (epizootology, pathogenesis, symptomatology and measures of struggle). Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis, Vitebsk, 2002: 15 p. (in Russian)
  6. Dubina IN. Some questions of the pathogenesis of pisiform cysticercosis. Agricultural biotechnology: materials of the II International scientific-practical conference. Gorki, 2002: 380–382. (in Russian)
  7. Dubina IN, Karasyov NF. Scheme of the main links of the pathogenesis of cysticercosis of serous integuments. Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of parasitic human diseases: proceedings of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference. Vitebsk State Medical University, 2002: 146–148. (in Russian)
  8. Dubina IN, Subbotin AM. Epizootology of Taenia pisiformis and its larval stage Cysticercosis pisiformis. Maintain Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Belarus, 2000; 1: 71–74. (in Russian)
  9. Duda YV, Kuneva LV, Shevchik RS. Effect of Treponema cuniculi on protein metabolism of rabbits.1st International gap agriculture and livestock congress (Turkey). 2018: 439.
  10. Eltohamy MM, Eldeghedy N. Biochemical and physiological changes in the rabbits due to coccidial infection. Indian J. Anim. Sc. 1985; 55 (6): 395–397.
  11. Georgieva TM, Georgiev IP, Iliev Y, Petrov VS, Vachkov A, Kanelov I, Zapryanova D, Pavlova AI, Eckersall D. Blood serum concentrations of total proteins and main protein fractions in weaning rabbits experimentally infected with coli. Rev. Méd. Vét. 2008; 159: 431–436.
  12. Hozawa A, Folsom AR, Ibrahim H, Nieto FJ, Rosamond WD, Shahar E. Serum uric acid and risk of ischemic stroke: the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis. 2006; 187 (2): 401–407. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.020.
  13. Jori MM. The effect of Cysticercus pisiformis on the haematological and biochemical parameters of rabbits in Basrah province. LSA. 2016; 2 (2): 458–463. Available at: http://www.jpsscientificpublications.com/jpsadmin/uploads/attachments/9287106949ac2ebb789dea8eeb4ad0c5.pdf
  14. Kondrahin IP, Kurilov NV, Malahov AG. Clinical laboratory diagnostics in the sphere of veterinary medicine. A reference book. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1985: 287 p. (in Russian)
  15. Kornienko LE, Dombrovsky OB, Ponomar SI, Antipov AA. Infectious and invasive rabbit diseases. Bіla Tserkva, 2003:  288 p. (in Ukrainian)
  16. Kotsiubenko GA. Scientific and practical methods for raising the productivity of rabbits. Mykolaiv, MNAU, 2013: 191 p. (in Ukrainian)
  17. Lucin IS. Theoretical bases and practical substantiation of the technology of intensive production of rabbit meat. Autoref. of PhD thesis in agric. sci., National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2017: 40 p. (in Ukrainian)
  18. Lymphocytes: methods. A reference book. Ed. by. Dzh. Klaus. Moscow, Mir, 1990: 393 p. (in Russian)
  19. Mazzone G, Vignola G, Giammarco M, Manetta AC, Lambertini L. Effects of loading methods on rabbit welfare and meat quality. Meat Sci. 2010; 85 (1): 33–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.11.019.
  20. McSorley HJ, Blair NF, Smith KA, McKenzie ANJ, Maizels RM. Blockade of IL-33 release and suppression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell responses by helminth secreted products in airway allergy. Mucosal Immunol. 2014; 7: 1068–1078. DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.123.
  21. Melillo A. Rabbit clinical pathology. Exot. Pet. Med. 2007; 16 (3): 135–145. DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2007.06.002.
  22. Nowacki FC, Swain MT, Klychnikov OI, Niazi U, Ivens A, Quintana JF, Hensbergen PJ, Hokke CH, Buck AH, Hoffmann KF. Protein and small non-coding RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles are released by the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Extracell Vesicles. 2015; 4 (1): 28665. DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.28665.
  23. Osman AMA. Effect of reducing feeding time on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of growing rabbits. Arch. Geflügelk. 1991; 55 (5): 196–200. Available at: https://www.european-poultry-science.com/Effect-of-reducing-feeding-time-on-the-growth-performance-carcass-traits-and-meat-quality-of-growing-rabbits,QUlEPTU0OTAxNzgmTUlEPTE2MTAxNA.html
  24. Popov B, Dobreva Z, Georgieva S, Stanilova S. Enhancement of anti-KLH IgG antibody production in rabbits after treatment with Haberlea rhodopensis Trakia J. Sci. 2010; 8 (2): 92–97. Available at: http://www.uni-sz.bg/tsj/vol8,Suppl.2,2010/B.Popov.pdf
  25. Roche M, Rondeau P, Singh RN, Tarnus E, Bourdon E. The antioxidant properties of serum albumin. FEBS Letters. 2008; 582 (13): 1783–1787. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.057.
  26. Schroeder HW, Cavacini L. Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010; 125 (2): S41–S52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.046.
  27. Shendrik LI, Korolenko LS, Shulga OV, Matsenko OO. Immune-molecular technologies in the diagnosis of invasive animal diseases. Dnipropetrovsk, DDAU, 2003: 32 p. (in Ukrainian)
  28. Sitaylo SG, Elchaninova TI, Vasilenko YI. Modern methods of assessing the immune status, Kryvyi Rig, 2000: 40 p. (in Ukrainian)
  29. Stibel VV, Priyma OB, Ponomar SI. The study of the number of T- and B-lymphocytes for the action of invasion Toxocara canis. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 2014: 16 (3, 1): 330–334. (in Ukrainian)
  30. Van Leuven F. Human α2-macroglobulin: structure and function. Bioochem. Sci. 1982; 7 (5): 185–187. DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(82)90135-9.
  31. Vlizlo VV, Fedoruk RS, Ratych IB. Laboratory methods of research in biology, livestock and veterinary medicine. A reference book. Ed. by V. V. Vlizlo. Lviv, Spolom, 2012: 764 p. (in Ukrainian)
  32. Wang LQ, Liu TL, Liang PH, Zhang SH, Li TS, Li YP, Liu GX, Mao L, Luo XN. Characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from Taenia pisiformis cysticercus and their immunoregulatory role on macrophages. Parasit. Vect. 2020; 13: 318. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04186-z.
 

Search