L-glutamic acid effect on changes in biochemical parameters of rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride

N. O. Salyha

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Animal Biology NAAS,
38 V. Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine

This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) toxicity in male rats. Changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALAT, ASAT) were studied in the tissues and blood of rats. Concentrations of creatinine, triacylglycerol and cholesterol were also determined in the blood of experimental animals. Intraperitoneal administration of CCl₄ to rats led to changes in the blood of animals of the studied parameters — an increase of the activities of aminotransferases, triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels. At the same time, a decrease of ALAT activity was observed in the tissues of the myocardium and spleen of intoxicated animals, ASAT in their brain, and in the tissues of the lungs there was an increase in the activity of ALAT and the growth of ASAT in the tissues of the spleen In turn, with additional administration to animals intoxicated with tetrachloromethane L-Glu mitigation or no change in most of the studied indicators was observed, namely, in the blood the activity of ASAT fluctuated within the control values, and the concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol did not change compared to the control. Also under the action of the studied aminoacid, no changes were detected in the activities of ALAT in lung tissue and ASAT in spleen tissue. The obtained results indicate a corrective effect of L-Glu on the physiological and biochemical parameters of rats in their intoxication with carbon tetrachloride.

Keywords: L-glutamic acid, rats, blood, CCl₄, ALAT, ASAT

1. Albarracin SL, Baldeon ME, Sangronis E, Petruschina AC, Reyes FGR. L-glutamate: a key amino acid for senory and metabolic functions. Latinoam. Nutr. 2016; 66 (2): 101–112. PMID: 29737666.
2. Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Faddah LM, Mohamed AM, Mohammad RA, Al-Amin M. Potential impact of silymarin in combination with chlorogenic acid and/or melatonin in combating cardiomyopathy induced by carbon tetrachloride. Saudi J. Biol. 2014; 21 (3): 265–274. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.006.
3. Boll M, Weber LW, Becker E, Stampfl A Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular damage by reactive carbon tetrachloride metabolites. Z. Naturforsch. 2001; 56 (7–8): 649–659. DOI: 10.1515/znc-2001-7-826.
4. Cynober L. Metabolism of dietary glutamate in adults. Nutr. Metab. 2018; 73 (5): 5–14. DOI: 10.1159/000494776.
5. Deniz GY, Laloglu E, Koc K, Geyikoglu F. Hepatoprotective potential of Ferula communis extract for carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats. Biotech Histochem. 2019; 94 (5): 334–340. DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1566831.
6. Dutta S, Chakraborty AK, Dey P, Kar P, Guha P, Sen S, Kumar A, Sen A, Chaudhuri TK. Amelioration of CCl₄ induced liver injury in swiss albino mice by antioxidant rich leaf extract of Croton bonplandianus PLoS One. 2018; 3 (4): e0196411. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196411.
7. Ernst L, Zieglowski L, Schulz M, Moss M, Meyer M, Weiskirchen R, Palme R, Hamann M, Talbot SR, Tolba RH. Severity assessment in mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride. Rep. 2020; 10: 15790. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72801-1.
8. Hamed H, Gargouri M, Bellassoued K, Ghannoudi Z, Elfeki A, Gargouri A. Cardiopreventive effects of camel milk against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histological alterations in mice. Physiol. Biochem. 2018; 124 (3): 253–260. DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1395889.
9. Hou Y, Wu G. L-glutamate nutrition and metabolism in swine. Amino Acids. 2018; 50: 1497–1510. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2634-3.
10. Li R, Zhang P, Li C, Yang W, Yin Y, Tao K. Tert-butylhydroquinone mitigates carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in mice. J. Med. Sci. 2020; 17 (14): 2095–2103. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45842.
11. Magi S, Piccirillo S, Amoroso S. The dual face of glutamate: from a neurotoxin to a potential survival factor — metabolic implications in health and disease. Mol. Life Sci. 2019; 76: 1473–1488. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-3002-x.
12. McGill MR, Jaeschke Animal models of drug-induced liver injury. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2019; 1865 (5): 1031–1039. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.037.
13. Nevzorova YA, Boyer-Diaz Z, Cubero FJ, Gracia-Sancho J. Animal models for liver disease — A practical approach for translational research. Hepatol. 2020; 73 (2): 423–440. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.011.
14. Ono R, Yoshioka Y, Furukawa Y, Naruse M, Kuwagata M, Ochiya T, Kitajima S, Hirabayashi Y. Novel hepatotoxicity biomarkers of extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated miRNAs induced by CCl₄. Rep. 2020; 7: 685–692. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.05.002.
15. Pergel A, Tümkaya L, Çolakoğlu MK, Demiral G, Kalcan S, Özdemir A, Mercantepe T, YilmazA. Effects of infliximab against carbon tetrachloride-induced intestinal injury via lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Exp. Toxicol. 2019; 38 (11): 1275–1282. DOI: 10.1177/0960327119867758.
16. Salyha N. Effects of L-glutamic acid and pyridoxine on glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation generated by epinephrine-induced stress in rats. Biochem. J. 2018; 90 (4): 102–110. DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.04.102.
17. Salyha NO. Effect of glutamic acid and cysteine on oxidative stress markers in rats. Biochem. J. 2020; 92 (6): 165–172. DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.06.165.
18. Scholten D, Trebicka J, Liedtke C, Weiskirchen R. The carbon tetrachloride model in mice. Anim. 2015; 49 (1): 4–11. DOI: 10.1177/0023677215571192.
19. Tabassum S, Ahmad S, Madiha S, Shahzad S, Batool Z, Sadir S, Haider S. Free L‑glutamate‑induced modulation in oxidative and neurochemical profle contributes to enhancement in locomotor and memory performance in male rats. Rep. 2020; 10: 11206. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68041-y.
20. Tomé D. The roles of dietary glutamate in the intestine. Nutr. Metab. 2018; 73 (5): 15–20. DOI: 10.1159/000494777.
21. Ustuner D, Colak E, Dincer M, Tekin N, Burukoglu Donmez D, Akyuz F, Colak E, Kolaç U, Entok E, Ustuner MC. Posttreatment effects of Olea europaea leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in rats. J. Med. Food. 2018; 21 (9). DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0143.
22. Li X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Fan J, Zhou J, Garstka MA, Li Z. Hepatoprotective effect of apolipoprotein A4 against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury through mediating hepatic antioxidant and inflammation response in mice. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2021; 534: 659–665. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.024.
23. Xue H, Field CJ. New role of glutamate as an immunoregulator via glutamate receptors and transporters. Front Biosci. 2011; 3 (3): 1007–1020. DOI: 10.2741/205.