BIOMORPHOLOGY OF HIP JOINT OF SOME FALCONIFORMES
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NationalUniversity of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Kyiv, str. Colonel Potekhina 16, Building 12, 03041, Ukraine
The article summarizes the results of the original systematic morpho-functional and morpho-ecological studies of muscles of apparatus of bipedal locomotion of class of birds, namely the order of Falconiformes. A detailed elaboration of comparative anatomy of hindlimbs of birds is given, it is accompanied by a unique historical overview and covers more than two-thousand-year period. The analysis of some important morphological structures is made, which give us keys to the reconstruction of adaptive evolution of any group of birds. It was found that in representatives of this series the degree of differentiation of muscles of hip joint is caused by the walking type of bipedal locomotion and biomorphological features of static, which in turn influence on the degree of development of each muscle of hip joint. Also fixation points, the presence or absence of pinnation were determined. In order to determine the degree of muscles and muscle groups development, each muscle was weighed. It was established that hip extension in the white-tailed eagle requires far more effort than bending, and in golden eagle, goshawk, gyrfalcon and buzzard is vice versa — more effort during static and locomotion falls on flexors.
Key words: BIOMORPHOLOGY, HIP JOINT, MUSCLES, BIRDS, FALCONIFORMES, WHITE-TAILED EAGLE, GOLDEN EAGLE, GOSHAWK, GYRFALCON, BUZZARD
