ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF ORGANISM AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF MILK OF COWS IN THE FIRST MONTHS OF LACTATION UNDER FEEDING BY CHROMIUM AND SELENIUM CITRATE
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Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, st. V. Stus, 38, Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Chromium and Selenium are very important elements that influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and also on antioxidant status of organism of animals; however they are not normed under cows' rations equilibration. Utilization of these microelements depends not so much on their amount, but on a nature of the compound. Therefore the organic compounds of Chromium and Selenium, made on the basis of nanotechnologies, were used.
The investigation was conducted in the first months of lactation on 20 cows of the Ukrainian Black Pied Dairybreed for 5 animals in each group, from that one was control group. The cows of experience groups were fed by combined fodder with addition of Chromium and Selenium citrate, made by nanotechnologies method. The ration of animals of ІІ(experience) group included 30 mcg Cr/of kg of fodder dry matter; ІІІ group — 25 mcg Se/of kg of fodder dry matter, and IV group — 30 mcg Cr and 25 mcg Se/of kg of fodder dry matter. The experiment lasted for two months. The samples of blood and milk were collected at 30 and 60 days of feeding. The activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, the content of lipid hydroperoxides, ТBA-active products, retinol and α-tocopherol in blood samples were determined. Milk density, fat, lactose, protein, SNF, retinol and α-tocopherol were determined in milk samples. In addition, the dairy productivity of cows was under control.
The most substantial changes under the influence of the investigated additions were marked for the animals of ІІІ group, and especially for IV experimental group. Thus, the introduction of selenium citrate supplement to cows diet during one month period promoted the increase of catalase activity on 14.7 %, increase of α-tocopherol level on 5.2%, reduction of content of TBA-active products on 21.6%. In milk samples the content of α-tocopherol increased on 7.8 % and lactose level — on 0.26%. The addition of supplement during two months stimulated the increase of blood catalase activity on 6.2%, increase of α-tocopherol level on 13.9%, decline of lipid hydroperoxides concentration on 11.8% and ТBA-active products — on 14.8 %. The retinol and α-tocopherol milk levels increased accordingly on 19.7 and 10.4%. The dairy productivity increased on 2.8%.
Mineral supplement of chromium citrate in combination with selenium citrate during the first and the second month of feeding promoted the increase of activity of glutathione peroxidase accordingly on 22.7 and on 16.5%, reduction to content of lipid hydroperoxides on 7.5 and 17.1%, TBA-active products — on 16.6 and 14.4%, and also led to the increase of concentration of α-tocopherol at the second month — on 16.5%. Milk content of α-tocopherol increased during the first month of feeding of addition on 4.6% and lactose level — on 0.44%. The average daily milk yields rose on 3.7% during the first month of experiment, and on the second month — on 9.3%.
Thus, the administration of chromium citrate (30 mcg Cr/kg of fodder dry matter) in the ration of cows in combination with selenium citrate (25 mcg Se/kg of fodder dry matter) promotes the increase of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood of cows, increases the levels of retinol and α-tocopherol and decreases formation of lipid peroxidation products. The levels of retinol and α-tocopherol increase in milk and at the same time dairy productivity increases on 2.8–9.3% .
Keywords: COWS, BLOOD ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, CHROMIUM CITRATE, CITRATE SELENIUM, RETINOL, α-TOCOPHEROL, QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF MILK
