SOME INDICATORS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM IN BLOOD OF COWS UNDER KETOSIS
M. R. Simonov, V. V. Vlizlo
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Institute of animal biology NAAS,
38 V. Stus str., Lviv 79034, Ukraine
During the first weeks of post-partum period in high-yield dairy cows is observed negative energy balance caused by discordance between inadequate diet energy supply and high consumption of glucose for metabolic processes and milk production. In order to compensate it animals use own reserves by means of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Results, which characterize the level of protein catabolism in ketotic cows are presented in the paper. The study was performed on ten cows (5 clinically healthy, with negative results of test for ketone bodies in urine and 5 with positive ketone tests) of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed at age from 2 to 5 years, with productivity above 5500 kg of milk for previous lactation. Blood samples were taken in March, two or three weeks after calving. Blood was withdrawn from jugular vein before morning feeding. Conducted research has shown that under hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia an increased activity of compensatory mechanisms in organism of high-yielding cows is registered. Particularly, significant (р<0.001) increase of plasma cortisol level is revealed. This allows to increase amino acid release from muscle proteins (proteolysis) and to provide necessary starting compounds for gluconeogenesis. As a result, an significant increase of 3-methylhistidine (by 78.9 %; р<0.001) and creatinine (by 26.8 %; р<0.01) is registered in blood of cows with ketosis in comparison with healthy animals. Herewith the ratio between creatinine and 3-methylhistidine rose almost 4-fold from 5.5 to 19.1. Considering obtained results, and that 3-methylhistidine after entering circulation does not undergo further metabolism and is excreted via urine, it might be suggested that the plasma content of 3-methylhistidine in dairy cows is an informative indicator of destructive changes of contractile proteins, and that determination of ratio creatinine/3-methylhistidine gives an information about relative rate of catabolism in muscle tissue.
Keywords: COWS, KETOSIS, CORTISOL, 3-METHYLHISTIDINE, CREATININE, AMINO ACIDS, GLUCOSE, INSULIN, PROTEIN METABOLISM, CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
- Levchenko V. I. Ketosis highly productive cows: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Animal health and medicine, 2009, vol. 2, pp. 14–15. (in Ukrainian)
- Lee H. H. Slow recovery of blood glucose in insulin tolerance test during the prepartum transition period negatively impacts the nutritional status and reproductive performance postpartum of dairy cows. J. Vet Med Sci., 2011, 47 (1), pp. 95–105.
- Vlizlo V. V. Steatosis in cows. Dr. veterinary sci. diss. Kyiv, 1998, 491 p. (in Ukrainian)
- Annison E. F. Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism. J. Nutr. Res. Rev., 1999, 12 (1), pp. 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728866
- Houweling M., van der Drift R. Jorritsma A. G. M. Tielens Technical note: Quantification of plasma 1- and 3-methylhistidine in dairy cows by high-performance liquid chromatography — tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Dairy Science, 2012, 95, pp. 3125–3130. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4769
- Akamatsu H., Saitoh Y., Serizawa M. Changes of Serum 3-Methylhistidine Concentration and Energy-Associated Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Ketosis. Journal of veterinary medical science Y., 2007, 69 (10), pp. 1091–1093.
- Bos C., Gaudichon C., Tomé D. Nutritional and physiological criteria in the assessment of milk protein quality for humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2000, 19 (l2), pp. 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718068
- Therkildsen M. Muscle protein degradation in bull calves with compensatory growth. Livestock Production Science, 2005, 98, 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.008
- Myint T., Fraser G., Lindsted D. Urinary 1-methylhistidine is a marker of meat consumption in black and in white california seventh-day adventists. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2000, 152 (8), pp. 752–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.8.752
- Graugnard D., Bionaz M., Trevisi E. Blood immunometabolic indices and polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in peripartum dairy cows are altered by level of dietary energy prepartum. J. Dairy Sci., 2012, 95 (4), pp. 1749–1758. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4579
