РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ ГЕНЕТИЧНО МОДИФІКОВАНИХ РОСЛИН ТА БЕЗПЕКА ЇХ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ У ХАРЧОВІЙ І СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Н. М. Омельченко1, Г. В. Дроник2
Ця електронна адреса захищена від спам-ботів. Вам необхідно увімкнути JavaScript, щоб побачити її.
1Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», Чернівецький факультет,
вул. Головна, 203а, м. Чернівці, 58018, Україна
2Буковинська державна сільськогосподарська дослідна станція НААН,
вул. Богдана Крижанівського, 21, м. Чернівці, 58026, Україна
В огляді проаналізовано поширення біотехнологічних культур у світі протягом останніх 22 років. Показано, що зберігається стійка тенденція до зростання площ, на яких вирощують генетично модифіковані рослини. Провідними виробниками біотехнологічних сільськогосподарських культур залишаються фермери США. Також активно збільшуються площі, зайняті генетично модифікованими рослинами, у країнах, які розвиваються. Серед трансгенних культур чільне місце займають соя, бавовна, кукурудза і ріпак. У багатьох державах використання зареєстрованих генетично модифікованих ліній рослин дозволено тільки для виробництва кормових сумішей та біопалива. Однак аналіз даних лабораторій з оцінки якості продукції свідчить, що кількість зразків із вмістом трансгенних компонентів в Україні щорічно зростає. Саме неконтрольоване вирощування біотехнологічних культур може бути джерелом надходження їх до складу продукції харчової промисловості.
У представленому матеріалі проведено огляд експериментальних робіт учених різних країн щодо безпечності споживання тваринами трансгенних рослин. Попри тривале використання генетично модифікованих рослин, їх вплив на організм тварин та людини є неоднозначним і маловивченим. Недостатньо даних щодо безпечності трансгенних культур для організму тварин у динаміці поколінь. Періодично у незалежних авторів з’являються повідомлення про різні фізіологічні та генетичні порушення, які фіксуються у дослідних тварин; однак вони є неоднозначними і жорстко критикуються прибічниками поширення біотехнологічних рослин. Відповідно, існує необхідність у багатосторонніх довготривалих дослідженнях поколінь лабораторних тварин, щоб із впевненістю говорити про віддалені наслідки впливу на живі організми генетично модифікованих рослин та продуктів їх переробки.
Ключові слова: ГЕНЕТИЧНО МОДИФІКОВАНІ РОСЛИНИ, БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ КУЛЬТУРИ, ВПЛИВ, БЕЗПЕЧНІСТЬ, ЛАБОРАТОРНІ ТВАРИНИ
- Biliak Y. The upward trend in the major threats to the use of GMOs in agricultural undertakings. Investments: practice and experience, 2015, no. 23, pp. 58–63. (in Ukrainian)
- Brasil F. B., Soares L. L., Faria T. S., Boaventura G. T., Sampaio F. J. B., Ramos C. F. The impact of dietary organic and transgenic soy on the reproductive system of female adult rat. The Anatomical Record (Hoboken), 2009, vol. 292, issue 4, pp. 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20878
- Carman J. A., Vlieger H. R., Ver Steeg L. J., Sneller V. E., Robinson G. W., Clinch-Jones C. A., Haynes J. I., Edwards J. W. A long-term toxicology study on pigs fed a combined genetically modified (GM) soy and GM maize diet. Journal of Organic Systems, 2013, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 38–54.
- Cromwell G. L., Lindemann M. D., Randolph J. H., Parker G. R., Coffey R. D., Laurent K. M., Armstrong C. L., Mikel W. B., Stanisiewski E. P., Hartnell G. F. Soybean meal from Roundup Ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 2002, vol. 80, issue 3, pp. 708–715. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.803708x
- Daleprane J. B., Chagas M. A., Vellarde G. C., Ramos C. F., Boaventura G. T. The impact of non- and genetically modified soybean diets in aorta wall remodeling. Journal of Food Science, 2010, vol. 75, issue 5, pp. T126-T131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01773.x
- Daleprane J. B., Feijó T. S., Boaventura G. T. Organic and genetically modified soybean diets: consequences in growth and in hematological indicators of aged rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2009, vol. 64, issue 1, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-008-0101-0
- Didenko N. I. Soybean production in conditions of integration processes in Ukraine. The economy of the AIC, 2017, no. 1, pp. 31–36. (in Ukrainian)
- Dolaichuk O. P., Fedoruk R. S. Biological effects of different levels of soybeans conventional and transgenic varieties in the second-generation female rats ration. The Animal Biology, 2013, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 30–41. (in Ukrainian)
- Dolaichuk O., Fedoruk R. Structure of internals tissues of first generation of rats fed by natural and transgenic soybean. Studia biologica, 2013, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 67–76. (in Ukrainian)
- Dolaychuk O. P., Fedoruk R. S., Kirichuk A. P. Transamination enzyme activity in blood and tissues of two-generations of rats fed diet with added conventional and GM soybean. The Animal Biology, 2012, vol. 14, no. 1–2, pp. 306–310. (in Ukrainian)
- Dolaichuk O. P., Fedoruk R. S., Khrabko M. I. Fractional composition of phenols in tissues of two-
generations of rats fed diet with added conventional and GM soybean. Scientific Herald of Chernivtsy University. Biology (Biological Systems), 2013, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 172–175. (in Ukrainian) - Dolaichuk O. P., Fedoruk R. S., Kovalchuk I. I. The impact of components conventional and genetically modified soybeans on parameters of the immune and reproductive systems female rats. Physiological Journal, 2013, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 65–70. (in Ukrainian)
- Dolaichuk O. P., Fedoruk R. S., Kovalchuk I. I., Khrabko M. I. Physiological effects of soybeans native and transgenic varieties on the body of the third generation female rats. The Animal Biology, 2013, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 22–30. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol15.03.022
- Ermakova I. V. Genetically modified soy leads to the decrease of weight and high mortality of rat pups of the first generation: Preliminary studies. Ecoinform, 2006, no. 1, pp. 4–10. (in Russian)
- Ermakova I. V. Influence of soy with the gene EPSPS CP4 on physiological state and reproductive functions of rats in two first generations. Modern problems of science and education, 2009, vol. 5, pp. 15–21. (in Russian)
- Ermakova I. V. New data on the effect of GMOs on the physiological state and higher nervous activity of mammals. Transgenic plants and biosafety, Moscow, 2007, pp. 38–39. (in Russian)
- Ermakova I. V. Prospects for the development of ecologically clean foodstuffs. Biotechnology: state and prospects of development, Moscow, 2009, vol. 2, pp. 366–367. (in Russian)
- Ermakova I. V., Barskov I. V. The study of morphological and physiological parameters in rats and their progeny using diets containing soybean EPSPS CP4 transgene. Modern problems of science and education, 2008, no. 6, pp. 19–20. (in Russian)
- EU Register of authorised GMOs. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/dyna/gm_register/index_en.cfm (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Gaidei O. S., Zahrebelniy V. O., Novozhytska Y. N. Are there GMO in Ukraine? AgroElita, 2016. Available at: http://agroprod.biz/2016/04/14/27017/ (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Gaidei O. S., Zahrebelniy V. O., Novozhytska Y. N., Usachenko N. V., Danilchenko N. L. Analysis of determining GMOs in cereals in Ukraine 2014. Grain Products and Mixed Fodders, 2015, vol. 1, no. 57, pp. 25–28. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15673/2313-478x.57/2015.39720
- Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington (DC), National Academies Press, 2016. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424543/ (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Gorbach T. V., Gubina-Vakulyck G. I., Denisenko S. A. Influence of genetically modified soy in experimental animals diet on the metabolism and histology of liver and kidneys. Problems of aging and longevity, 2016, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 80–86. (in Russian)
- Gubina-Vakulik G. I., Denisenko S. A., Horbach T. V., Kolousova N. G., Popova T. M. Morphofunctional state of adrenal gland in female rats Wistar with genetically modified soy inclusion in the diet. Tauride Medical and Biological Herald, 2012, vol. 15, no. 3, 1 (59), pp. 85–88. (in Russian)
- Gubina-Vakulik G. I., Gorbatch T. V., Myasoedov V. V., Kolousova N. G., Gopkalov V. G. The metabolic and histological changes of kidneys in female rats and the first generation after consumption of genetically modified soybeans. Scientific information BelNRU: Medicine. Pharmacy, 2013, no. 11 (154), pp. 150–155. (in Russian)
- Institute of Science in Society. http://www.isaaa.org (Accessed 26 May 2018).
- ISAAA Brief 52-2016. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech. GM Crops: 2016. Available at: https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/52/download/isaaa-brief-52-2016.pdf (Accessed 27 May 2018).
- Jennings J. C., Kolwyck D. C., Kays S. B., Whetsell A. J., Surber J. B., Cromwell G. L., Lirette R. P., Glenn K. C. Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed Roundup Ready soybean meal. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, vol. 81, issue 6, pp. 1447–1455. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8161447x
- Konovalova M. A., Blinov V. A. Morfometric indicators and features of a spectrum of enzymes of mice’s blood receiving genetically modified soya. All-Russia Symposium Transgenic Plants and Biosafety, Moscow, 2007, p. 48. (in Russian)
- Kotsiumbas G. I., Levycky T. R., Samsonyk I. M. Haematological and biochemical indexes blood whey’s rats of firstgeneration, which fed soy with GMO. Scientific Messenger of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 2012, vol. 14, no. 2 (1), pp. 156–160. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulik Y. M., Gavriluk A. A., Rautskiene V. T., Khimich O. V. Pathological changes of reproductive ability of pigs which were longterm feeding by roundup stable genetically modified soybean. Reports of morphology, 2015, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 362–367. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulik Y. M., Hawryluk A. T., Rautskyiene V. T., Khymych V. A. Morphological changes of liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands of experimental animals in the case of long feeding with roundup geneticaly modified soy. Reports of morphology, 2014, no. 1, pp. 149–153. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulik Y. M., Rautskiene V. T., Obertiukh Y. V., Khimich O. V. The presence in the offspring of rats unidentified factor transgenic soy at its feeding over several generations. Bulletin of problems in biology and medicine, 2015, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 105–109. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulyk M. F., Kulyk Y. M., Korniychuk O. V., Khimich O. V., Stasyuk O. K., Obertyukh Y. V., Chornolata L. P., Lilyk T. V. Reproductive performance and physiological condition of the liver and kidneys of pigs for long-term feeding Roundup resistant GM soybeans. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 2013, Special Issue September, pp. 88–92. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulyk M. F., Kulyk Y. M., Obertiukh Y. V., Khimich O. V. Effect long-term feeding of transgenic soybean on reproductive capacity of pigs. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2015, no. 49, pp. 213–220. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulyk Y., Kulyk M., Khimich O., Obertiukh Y., Vlasenko V. Feeding pigs genetically modified soy for three generations is the lack of libido in boars. Agricultural Science and Food Technology, 2015, no. 1, pp. 25–36. (in Ukrainian)
- Kulyk Ya. M., Rautskiene V. T., Obertiukh Yu. V., Khimich O. V., Rymsha O. V. Det ection of unidentified factor transgenic soybeans in the internal organs of rats fed with its long. Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University, 2015, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 299–302. (in Ukrainian)
- Kushnir G. V. The control of genetically modified plants is a guarantee of food safety. Scientific Messenger of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 2016, vol. 18, no. 3 (71), pp. 167–169. (in Ukrainian)
- List of GM crops registered in Russia for use in the food industry. Available at: http://oagb.ru/lib.php?txt_id=14137 (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Malatesta M., Biggiogera M., Manuali E., Rocchi M. B. L., Baldelli D., Gazzanelli G. Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on GM soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2003, vol. 47, issue 4, pp. 385–388. https://doi.org/10.4081/851
- Malatesta M., Boraldi F., Annovi G., Baldelli B., Battistelli S., Biggiogera M., Quaglino D. A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2008, vol. 130, issue 5, pp. 967–977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-008-0476-x
- Malatesta M., Caporaloni C., Gavaudan S., Rocchi M. B. L., Serafini S., Tiberi C., Gazzanelli G. Ultrastructural, morphometrical and immunocytochemical analysis of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Cell Structure and Function, 2002, vol. 27, issue 4, pp. 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1247/csf.27.173
- Malysh N. A. Genetically modified organisms in the food security system of Ukraine. Public management: theory and practice, 2013, no. 2, pp. 118–124. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Pubupr_2013_2_21 (in Ukrainian)
- Oliinyk D. On the issue of the use of genetically modified organisms in Ukraine. Economy of Ukraine, 2009, no. 6, pp. 85–93. (in Ukrainian)
- On the State System of Biosafety at the Time of Creating, Testing, Transporting, and Using Genetically Modified Organisms: The Law of Ukraine. Available at: http:/zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws /show/1103-16 (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Oraby H., Kandil M., Shaffie N., Ghaly I. Biological impact of feeding rats with a genetically modified-based diet. Turkish Journal of Biology, 2015, vol. 39, pp. 265–275. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1406-61
- Qi X., He X., Luo Y., Li S., Zou S., Cao S., Tang M., Delaney B., Xu W., Huang K. Subchronic feeding study of stacked trait genetically-modified soybean (3Ø5423×40-3-2) in Sprague–Dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, vol. 50, issue 9, pp. 3256–3263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.052
- Sakamoto Y., Tada Y., Fukumori N., Tayama K., Ando H., Takahashi H., Kubo J., Nagasawa A., Yano N., Yuzawa K., Ogata A. A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2008, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 272–282. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.49.272
- Sakamoto Y., Tada Y., Fukumori N., Tayama K., Ando H., Takahashi H., Kubo J., Nagasawa A., Yano N., Yuzawa K., Ogata A., Kamimura H. A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2007, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 41–50. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.48.41
- Samsonyuk I. M. Structural and functional state of the gastrointestinal tract rat’s first generation of feeding traditional and genetically modified soybeans. Scientific and technical bulletin of Institute of animal biology and State scientific research control Institute of veterinary medical products and fodder additives, 2013, vol. 14, no. 3–4, pp. 238–243. (in Ukrainian)
- Samsonuyk I. M., Kotsiumbas G. I. Ultrastructural characteristic of rats liver of the third generation with the influence of genetically modified and traditional soybean. The Animal Biology, 2014, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 93–100. (in Ukrainian)
- Samsonyk I., Stronskyi U. Biochemical indexes blood whey’s rats of tree generation, which fed soy with GMO. Scientific Messenger of LNUVMBT, 2013, vol. 15, no. 3 (2), pp. 279–282. (in Ukrainian)
- Sarbakanova Sh. T., Latypova Z. A., Anayatova B. Zh., Kenzhebaeva M. Zh. The influence of GMOs on the reproductive functions of animals. Modern achievements of veterinary medicine and biology in agricultural production. II All-Russia Scientific and Practical Conference, Ufa, 2014, pp. 395–397. (in Russian)
- Sarbakanova Sh. T., Latypova Z. A., Daugalieva S. T., Aubekerova L. S. Effect of feed containing genetically modified soya on hematological parameters of laboratory rats. The role of veterinary science and practice in the effective development of livestock breeding: materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2012, pp. 465–468. (in Russian)
- Snell C., Bernheim A., Bergé J.-B., Kuntz M., Pascal G., Paris A., Ricroch E. A. Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: a literature review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, vol. 50, issue 3–4, pp. 1134–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.048
- Soares L. L., Lucas A. M. M., Boaventura G. T. Can organic and transgenic soy be used as a substitute for animal protein by rats? Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2005, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2005000400012
- Sorokoletova N. E., Lomteva N. A., Kondratenko E. I., Netipanova N. V. Modern aspects uses of gene-modified components in food and methods their detection. Technologies for the food and processing industry of AIC, 2014, no. 4, pp. 75–81. (in Russian)
- Teshima R., Akiyama H., Okunuki H., Sakushima J., Goda Y., Onodera H., Sawada J., Toyoda M. Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), 2000, vol. 41, issue 3, pp. 188–193. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.41.188
- The most extensive researchof GMO influence on human beings has been completed. Available at: http://aggeek.net/ru/news/id/zaversheno-samoe-masshtabnoe-issledovanie-vlijanija-gmo-na-zdorove-cheloveka-251 (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- Tutelyan V. A., Gapparov M. M. G., Avrenjeva L. I., Guseva L. V., Zhminchenko V. M., Kravchenko L. V., Pashorina V. A., Saprikin V. P., Seliaskin K. E., Tyshko N. V. Medical and Biological Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean Event MON 89788. Report 1. Toxicologo-Hygienic Examinations. Problems of Nutrition, 2010, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 4–12. (in Russian)
- Tyshko N. V., Britsina M. V., Gmoshinskii I. V., Zaharova N. S., Zorin S. N., Mazo V. K. Ozerethskovskaya M. N., Seliaskin K. E. Medical and Biological Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean Event MON 89788. Report 2. Genotoxicologic, Immunologic and Allergologic Examinations. Problems of nutrition, 2010, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 13–17. (in Russian)
- U-28 Agricultural Biotechnology Annual, 2016. Available at: https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Agricultural%20Biotechnology%20Annual_Paris_EU-28_12-6-2016.pdf (Accessed 28 May 2018).
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/Acre/Acre-06-30-2017.txt (Accessed 27 May 2018).
- Vecchio L., Cisterna B., Malatesta M., Martin T. E., Biggiogera M. Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2003, vol. 48, issue 4, pp. 449–454. https://doi.org/10.4081/920
- Williams A. L., DeSesso J. M. Genetically-modified soybeans: A critical evaluation of studies addressing potential changes associated with ingestion. Abstract 1154, Poster Board 424, Safety Concerns of Food and Natural Products. Salt Lake City, Utah March 7–11, 2010. Available at: http://www.exponent.com/files/Uploads/Documents/news%20and%20features/SOT%20Presentation%20Handout_draft.pdf (Accessed 27 May 2018).
- Yuan J., Tang Z., Zhao J., Shi Z., Wang J. Toxicologic evaluation of chronic feeding of glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean GTS40-3-2 meal to rats. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2017, vol. 29, issue 11, pp. 856–862. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i11.1495
- Zhu Y., Li D., Wang F., Yin J., Jin H. Nutritional assessment and fate of DNA of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2004, vol. 58, issue 4, pp. 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420412331273277